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Published by the National Assembly of Rectors

PHILOSOPHY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENT:

Book that is committed to building a better man

writes: Danilo Sánchez Lihón (*)

I. logbook and votive lamps

has come to light and movement is a useful and valuable book, logbook and votive lamp that lights in the difficult art of learning to learn and to hit with relevant thinking and skill: taking arguments complete, knowing good and investigate and make butt questions about the various aspects and events of reality, all this in order to solve problems and forge a destiny promising.

Its Philosophy degree is an undergraduate and which distinguishes it more accurate and bring the subtitle: "Learning to Learn in College", a work whose author is Professor Eudoro Terrones Negrete, longtime manager of education, long and successful teaching experience and nurtured intellectual production.

Book

beautiful, clear, friendly this, now discussed. Lively, energetic, didactic, which simply take it in their hands to feel strong and vibrant, accurate and powerful, from the pen of a dedicated professional who has devoted especially its wakefulness to education, and more specifically to higher education.

II. THE PERSONALITY UNIVERSITY TEACHER

And Eudora Terrones Negrete is a fervent believer in that everything can change, improve and make a better world, lavish and exalted, from and through education.

But not only is a believer in these paths and trails, but a legionnaire in these alternatives, who struggles with the book in your hand like a gun fighter, who comes, comes and goes from one classroom to another, from one to another office, imbued with that ideal, and of that mission. And the moral and ethical purge that education can do everything.

unifies their classroom teaching in the classroom classes, and educational management that lets you go where you're going to implement programs and passes, the continuing publication of books and magazines whose work is completely devoted to their ideals, educational excellence and cultural ethics as their emblems and flags.

is an accredited intellectual, attentive and watchful, always radiating light and making accurate and instruments through its catalog contained 43 publications, with the precision of title and year of publication, in both the work solapillas we have cited and relieving.

He is a man of principle and faith. Cree in education, believed in the young, believes in Peru, believes in a world to do. And thus offering your best efforts, energies and efforts.

III. BASIC WORK FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

Philosophy undergraduate. Learning to learn in college, now is it an essential work in any institution of higher education. And it stands also essential and vital for young people, because it treats the subject of philosophy, requires for its formation

And, why is philosophy important?, Ask someone. And refute: Is not it rather a luxury and ornament? We reply: It is important because it provides us with a holistic thinking, binding and synthesis. While the separate disciplines, philosophy integrates and makes an integrated world, provides us drive for life.

Important also to practice something that is considered theoretical, in an era in which science as a whole and each particular discipline are fragmented and fragmenting reality.

then philosophy is fundamental to the individual and for society as a whole, to connect these plots and those scattered islands in a sea of \u200b\u200buncertainty.

IV. TEACHING AND LEARNING TO THINK YOUTH

Teaching to learn and to think, to navigate the field of thought and reasoning of the human mind is so vital and fascinating task. And in the contents of this book are known not only thought processes but the facets that make up the human mind, a fact that allows and provides the present work.

And, how important is learning to learn! Youth required in this regard. Needs to be guided and directed, have the helping hand of a parent, teacher or professor, or in this case, the help of a book like the one I present.

Because this is a work in which the spirit that runs through every page, is to serve, be useful; Serna benefit, help improve your reading and assimilation, our intellect.

And Terrones Negrete Eudora has an instinct for knowing what is valuable. That is why his works are fundamental in guiding young people, hence we request that this work, acquire, in addition to the parents for their children in school and for themselves, get the libraries and companies for their employees .

V. UNIVERSITY EDUCATION FOR QUALITY

books we are used to present Eudoro Terrones, are service books for the purposes of making a high quality education that allows us to take off in our desired development. Institutions should acquire as a reference source for their workers or libraries for consultation by students.

Its theme is essential, hard and serious and it goes directly to the heart of the problem you want to discuss at any time away or delay. And his writing is agile, sweet and pleasant.

We

illustrates something fundamental, which is how to have clear ideas, lucid, fair for solving the problems we face, because it usually is not taught to think and learn. And knowing how to think and know how to learn is very important.

Book

indicative rather than expository structures and organization of information rather than speeches, roads rather than lodges.

Manual, breviary, practical guide. Useful. An instrument, but also a thought, or multiple, varied and endless thoughts.

VI. A BOOK FOR FURTHER THINKING look

This compares to a combat weapon or a tool tillage: a pike, a shovel or plow the ground breaking in it the seeds fall and germinate, but at the same time with a horizon that contains a vision, temperament and, primarily, a moral.

is a book to look further thinking, where education is based on metacognition to learn how to learn and guess at what the good life. Knowing the thinking is knowing how to decide. But also investigate and raise it a problem.

This book then is the key to better organize our ideas and solve problems. Leads us to think that it is essential to know to reach our destination right choice, because it lies básicamente fracasar o triunfar en la vida.

Libro moderno, con ilustraciones a color, gráficos, ventanas, que lo emparenta con las pantallas de los modernos medios de comunicación; con una tipografía grande, letra arial que tiene un buen ojo y compacto perfil, con mucha luz, al punto que el lector se siente lúcido y radiante con su lectura.

VII. UNA OBRA DE CONSULTA PARA TODAS LAS ESPECIALIDADES

Se torna apasionante en varios momentos, por ejemplo cuando reconoce el rol de la filosofía para integrar, sintetizar y tener pensamientos totalizadores.

And also when dealing with education and their potential in a reality where the empire embracing technology seems to subdue the man and the world. He feels a noble book, affordable and welcoming.

with great dignity and distinction in the content, messages and forms. Is a strong and solid book, beautiful in its look.

But, something really important, and we will not be emphatic enough to highlight is that it is a book for the young, written and presented to youth and aimed to study any profession.

And this is a document and reference work that applies to all specialties, since all it is how to learn and think.

VIII. OPEN YOUR PAGES AS CLASSROOMS TO GIVE YOUNG

Thus this is a textbook as a teaching manual. Expo which various passages serve to order our minds, to take clear and brilliant ideas.

This has been careful in their sequences is a book well organized and a careful prioritization of ideas, propositions and tight ratings.

In brief statements to as indicators, avoiding cumbersome wording, not even pretending to achieve brilliance in style or impress the reader with powerful ideas in the literary or philosophical.

guidelines rather precise and brief. Written on the basis of direct statements and giving all the time patterns of life.

And whose pages open as classrooms generous youth to recreate them, to achieve inspiration and, hopefully, his true destiny.

is a book to be used by the student, to the young university in order to guide, avoiding the confusion that afflicts both the young people.

IX. AUTHOR DEDICATED TO ISSUES AND PROBLEMS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The author is a senior intellectual worker carat: constant, persistent and unwavering in his convictions, all for the good of man and society, who has made the production of books of his lectures regularly.

Because the book itself is an open classroom, a lifelong teacher, willing that we can enter it and review it at any time. For it is through books that reach to project the classes taught in the classroom or in the classroom. And also where you set dreams that are housed and treasure in the depths of our spirit.

Its author is among the few who have devoted attention to issues of higher education, not to complain or throw in the face some shortcomings, or to criticize the authorities, or previous generations that they did I did wrong attitude in which we have incurred and made it a sport: how bad they were others. Or always criticizes the government, which basically is criticized for an entity, and eventually planting despondency among ourselves.

X. EDUCATION FOR EXCELLENCE!

Terrones Eudoro Negrete, enthusiastic and always positive, puts accuracy, rigor and commitment to this book, always seeking the best and offering it in books such as this, making education a lifelong intellectual adventure, giving cause for concern and renewal. Now every effort is dedicated to achieving excellence in education. And based on it publishes books that deal with the issue of philosophy, ethics and quality education.

spirit has a clear, lucid, totally free. He says openly what he thinks. Provides, clears, contains useful, what is functional states, which will yield concrete results. He will be remembered so long as one that had a line of compliance with the purposes for which we orient ourselves as educators and teachers.

In designing their concerns and worries through the book to a wider range in space and time, you do to improve education in general, and thereby contribute to better implementation of destiny of man on earth. His attitude is so great now and does a man of our time. Installs in a steady stream of concerns that never cease to be current. And teachers are those who put a larger quota of giving that is exemplified by the work of God helping in the construction of a man and a better society.

(*) University Professor Jaime Bausate and Meza and Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos and Director of the Institute of Book and Reading and Cultural Movement Capulí, Vallejo and Earth. Scored twice as the National Award for Children's Literature and Laurel Oro.El this article PHILOSOPHY OF COLLEGE STUDENT was published in the Journal COUNTRY Year: 7, N º 2316, Lima, Tuesday, March 8, 2011.

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The University Jaime Meza Bausate and presented the book

PHILOSOPHY STUDENT

UNIVERSITY

The famous university educator and journalist Terrones Eudoro Negrete present his work UNIVERSIARIO PHILOSOPHY STUDENT / LEARNING TO LEARN IN COLLEGE, and will in the auditorium of the Universidad Jaime Bausate and Meza.

The work was published by the National Assembly of Rectors (ANR) and sponsored Editorial Fund Alas Peruanas University, and carries the words of introduction from Dr. Iván Rodríguez Chávez, president of the NRA and rector of the Universidad Ricardo Palma.

Under the program, the presentation of the work will be given by Dr. Roberto Mejía Alarcón, president of the Council for the Professional School of Journalism / University Jaime Bausate and Meza, and the comment was made Professional prestigious Dr. Ivan Rodriguez Chavez, and Dr. Victor Raul Diaz Chavez, Minister of Education of Peru.

The graduation ceremony is organized by the Universidad Jaime Bausate and Meza and will take place on Friday April 29, 2011, hours 7.00 pm in the auditorium of the university, located in Rio de Janeiro shred 560, Jesus Maria Lima and will feature special performances by the University BAUSATINA TUNA Bausate and Jaime Meza.

Polyp Uterus More Condition_symptoms

CREDIBILITY IN JOURNALISM

writes: Eudoro Terrones Negrete

One of the main problems facing journalism and the media will consider the lack of credibility.

With little reason or communications experts argue that journalism is undergoing a deep crisis expressed by the drop in the number of readers, listeners and viewers; drop in advertising revenue, appearance new forms of human communication as the Internet and free press, increasing market segmentation information, the significant declines in sales and advertising, the merger of major me god to ensure profitability and the effect on the market, the ostensible decline in the credibility of journalists and the media.

Credibility is the most valuable and important of all journalists and media in a society etocrática, progressive and future. The more credible the journalist holds a good reputation and good image treasured environment, public acceptance of their business success.

The term comes from the Latin word credibility credibilis, according to the Dictionary of the English Royal Academy (DRAE) means "credible quality" or "that can or deserves to be believed." In other words, credibility means, credible or trustworthy, believable, credible or reliable.

The Greek philosopher Aristotle in his "Rhetoric" credibility means a favorable disposition toward the source by the recipient, based on three ethical reasons: the wisdom (common sense), virtue ( ethical conduct) and benevolence (goodwill).

The credibility goes hand truth, objectivity, independence of mind and professional integrity, since if the journalist or media credibility means have never been involved or were judged by some lie in the diffusion and commentary on the news.

Credibility refers to objective and subjective components of an information, a review or a comment and that makes the public believe in such content. Components like truth, objectivity, freedom, sense of justice, fairness, pluralism, honesty, sincerity, responsibility (social, legal and ethical), loyalty, fairness, independence of mind, respect for the dignity of people, internal control, information handling, defense of civil liberties and national interests, opening spaces for citizen participation, among others.

The Declaration of Chapultepec and Hemispheric Declaration on Freedom of Expression (Mexico, 1994) states: "The credibility of the press is linked to its commitment to truth, search of accuracy, fairness and equality, to the clear distinction between news and advertising. The conquest of these goals and the of these ethical and professional values \u200b\u200bshould not be imposed.

are the exclusive responsibility of journalists and the media. In a free society, the public rewards or punishes. " For the Mexican essayist Carlos Monsivais, "The information does not build credibility sources covering journalists, but the desire for objectivity with which they have social facts from them."

For the credibility of the communication to be combined to produce three basic and necessary elements: content, I see and what I hear, as happens in reality. Information is credible when there is no trace of falsehood or lie, and the lack none of the elements mentioned.

journalism in many democratic countries do not have a good reputation because it is exercised, often by people without principles or ethical values. Worse, when exercised by so-called intrusive. In many countries, unfortunately, to be a journalist you do not need the professional title of journalist or a degree in communication sciences or information.

Journalism is a profession and not a university career. Also, it is necessary to be enrolled in the College of Professional Journalists and is not required to have college degrees, because the journalist or social communicator is done directly on the media.

credibility in terms of ethical values, manifested in the journalist's professional conduct based on: a) The rigorous analysis and verification of data, news stories and messages received before dissemination or publication, b) Consultation of more than one source of information in each case. "We understand an information source for anyone who, personally or as representative of a public or private entity, holds directly or know information and display in a position to disclose who is in a position to seek such information, "refers Miguel González Pino in the play "The ethics of journalism in the new millennium. Case study in a Latin American perspective. " c) The fair and transparent relationship with the players and agents of informative facts that should be broadcast or published. d) The independence of outside interests in order to disclose the truth.

A source is credible or reliable when it has knowledge and experience in the subject under investigation. It should be noted that not all sources are credible or reliable, some sources are more reliable than others, there are sources that are not credible and believable while others are permanent. Not everything reported by the witnesses is necessarily true, there are witnesses that say all they should say, since the interests they pursue, especially when telling the truth condition or request something for the whole truth (money, work , bag, etc.).

There are cases where "the witnesses only tell reporters what they think based on their own interest, and can lie or embellish a story with a particular purpose without risking any legal punishment, "said Karol Wojtyla, in Person and Action (BAC, Madrid, 1980). That is why the journalist must maintain good relations with news sources not to be receiver or sender of half-truths or false scoops, not to become mere merchant of news events.

is a professional journalist of the information that acts independently of criteria against internal pressure and external pressure means groups of economic power and political or pressure groups. Independence from all kinds of pressure: pressure moral, social, religious, political, economic, family, labor, etc.

CREDIBILITY AND LEVELS

The credibility of the journalist could be taken up and expressed at different levels or instances: - Credibility or medium business; - Credibility with their sources (public, private, official, confidential, etc..) - Credibility with the public or judicial authorities; - Credibility with its target audience; - Credibility society.

THE LACK OF CREDIBILITY OF INFORMATION

A newspaper report has no credibility with the public when: a. Is obtained through illegal means and unethical means. b. Not reported the event as it is, as has occurred in your environment or reality. c. Belongs to the series "stolen documents." d. It is written with malice, bad faith or lack of respect for people. e. It was invented to serve vested interests groups or political or economic power of lobbyists. f. It has not been proven or verified its authenticity with the sources themselves. g. Is obtained from reliable sources, no credible or dubious sources. h. Lack of basic data and contains inaccuracies and exaggerations that give rise to suspicion and lack of credibility.

REASONS FOR THE LACK OF CREDIBILITY OF THE PUBLIC IN THE JOURNALISTS AND MEDIA

The lack of public credibility of journalists and media communication is attributed among other reasons the following: a) The information factual errors, b) ungrammatical c) The bias in the comments; d) of plagiarism and fabrication scandals, e) Sensationalism f) The cyberporn g) Interest conflict; h) Submission groups economic, political and pressure groups. "Professor Charles Self (1988, 17), University of Texas A & M considered the reasons for the lack of public confidence in the news media and journalists working for them. Found four main reasons for this lack of credibility: 1. Insensitivity, arrogance and, in general, misconduct on the part of journalists. 2. Inaccurate, incomplete information and, generally, professional procedures doubtful. 3. Disagreements about the kind of news employees and evaluation of the news. 4. Disagreements over the role of news in the lives of readers "(In:" The ethics of journalism / Philosophical Foundations of the new media "by John Calhoun Merrill. Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja. Translated from English by Porfirio Barroso Asenjo , Madrid, 2007, p.34).

According Javier Darío Restrepo, a university professor, one of the most remarkable examples of journalistic ethics Latin America and director of an ethical practice on the internet of the Foundation for New Latin American Journalism, there is a crisis of credibility in the Latin American press, because it is losing distance from the events and players are and do the news: "the interest siding good and bad, the press is losing credibility call that security. Failed to observe the events from a distance. It is a press that is looking at history from the power, in many cases, from above. The media and journalists are losing their perspective, they need to look at the world from below ... If the journalist takes sides has distortion of vision who sees from a single side and the journalist have to see it from all sides. " Restrepo said that in the United States that happened "so openly that has been accentuated after the attacks of September 11, 2001, as the conditioned media information to government interests, took advantage because they could not keep your distance" Together media, Internet is the least credible to the public, due to the existence of websites and blogs to disseminate confidential information without contrast and falsehoods which become involved.

FACTORS FOR JOURNALISTS AND THE MEDIA HAVE CREDIBILITY

credibility to journalists and the media is due to a number of factors: - objective, truthful, clear and precise. - Elimination of bias in the information, reviews, interviews and reports. - Ability to automatically correct errors or the request of the interested party. - Fairness of the information, commentary, criticism, interviews and reportage. - Commitment to service the interests of the community. - Editorials that focus on the real problems of society, and apply suggested solutions. - Give priority to issues of substance on the trivial and frivolous. - Total independence in their reporting, independence from the government, the branches of government, political parties and trade unions, the economic power groups and politicians and lobbyists. - Moral and professional authority of the owners of the media for questions and punish those who violate moral and legal standards in journalism. - No information regarded as a mere commodity. - Do not broadcast programs that contain gratuitous violence, sanction, promote or glamorice violence, gratuitous violence understand the material that does not have an integral role in the development of a theme or program.

“PRUEBA ÉTICA PRAGMÁTICA”

Francisco Vásquez Fernández, en su obra “Ética y deontología informativas” (Paraninfo, España, 1991:182 y 183), explica que “a la credibilidad del comunicador se la denomina “prueba ética pragmática”, porque consiste en enviar mensajes con atribuciones éticas, por parte del emisor, y que le son asignadas por el receptor. En su sentido plenario, se refiere a la conducta ética del emisor del mensaje –credibilidad de la fuente-, que consiste en un “conjunto de actitudes y creencias que un auditorio tiene respecto a la fuente, basadas en tres rasgos Essential: good intentions, trustworthiness and competence or experience "(R. Ross). Credibility of the source is defined by attitudes of faith and trust in the good intentions of the issuer, in its social position in their professional authority and sincerity. "

For Vásquez Fernández, credibility explanatory answers: a) The credibility as pragmatic ethical test "is the enhanced credibility in his message for the attributes and ethical conduct of the issuer, such attributes put ethical values \u200b\u200bof honesty, intellectual acumen and goodwill; b) Proof pragmatic ethics reinforces the credibility, in turn, with: the similarity perceived by the receiver of the source, with the use of voice and speech, with the use of humor and solid evidence.

The common people feel that the media modulate information pro-business interests, forgetting social interests and achieve trade favors with the groups of political and economic power by submitting to the will of the lobbyists instead of the audience's interest. So the media entities are no longer representing the interests of the Company or its target audience.

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CREDIBILITY IN JOURNALISM writes: Eudoro Terrones Negrete

One of the main problems facing journalism and the media will consider the lack of credibility. With little reason or communications experts argue that journalism is undergoing a deep crisis expressed by the drop in the number of readers, listeners and viewers; drop in advertising revenue, emergence of new forms of human communication as the Internet or free press, increasing market segmentation information, the significant declines in sales and advertising, the merger of major media to ensure economic viability and relevance in the market, the ostensible decline in the credibility of journalists and the media. Credibility is the most valuable and important of all journalists and media in a society etocrática, progressive and future. The more credible the journalist holds a good reputation and good image treasured environment, public acceptance of their business success. The term comes from the Latin word credibility credibilis, according to the Dictionary of the English Royal Academy (DRAE) means "credible quality" or "That can or deserves to be believed." In other words, credibility means, credible or trustworthy, believable, credible or reliable. The Greek philosopher Aristotle in his "Rhetoric" credibility means a favorable disposition toward the source by the recipient, based on three ethical reasons: the wisdom (common sense), virtue (ethical) and benevolence (goodwill) . Credibility goes hand in hand with truth, objectivity, independence and professional integrity criterion, since if the journalist or the environment means that credibility have never been involved or were judged by a lie in disseminating and commenting on the news. Credibility refers to objective and subjective components of an information, a review or a comment and that makes the public believe in such content. Components like truth, objectivity, freedom, sense of justice, fairness, pluralism, honesty, sincerity, responsibility (social, legal and ethical), loyalty, fairness, independence of mind, respect for human dignity, the internal control information management, protection of civil liberties and national interests, opening spaces for citizen participation, among others. In the Declaration of Chapultepec and Hemispheric Statement Freedom of Expression (Mexico, 1994) states: "The credibility of the press is linked to its commitment to truth, pursuit of accuracy, fairness and equality, to the clear distinction between news and commercials . The conquest of these purposes and the observance of these ethical and professional values \u200b\u200bshould not be imposed. Are the sole responsibility of journalists and the media. In a free society, the public rewards or punishes. " For the Mexican essayist Carlos Monsivais, "The information does not build credibility sources covering journalists, but the desire for objectivity that social events are counted by them. "For the credibility of the communication to be combined to produce three basic and necessary elements: content, what I see and what I hear, as happens in reality. information is credible when there is no trace of falsehood or lie, and the lack none of the elements mentioned. Journalism in many democratic countries do not have a good reputation because it is exercised, often by people without principles or ethical values. Worse even when exercised by so-called intrusive. In many countries, unfortunately, to be a journalist you do not need the professional title of journalist or degree in communication or information. Journalism is a profession and not a university career. Also, it is necessary to be enrolled in the College of Professional Journalists and is not required to have college degrees, because the journalist or social communicator is done directly on the media. Credibility, in terms of ethical values, manifested in the journalist's professional conduct based on: a) The rigorous analysis and verification of data, news events and received messages prior to dissemination or publication, b) Consultation over a source of information in each case. "We understand an information source for anyone who, by way or as personal representative of a public or private entity, holds directly or know information and display in a position to disclose who is in a position to seek such information, "refers Miguel González Pino in the book" Journalism ethics in the new millennium. Case study in a Latin American perspective. " c) The fair and transparent relationship with the players and agents of informative facts that should be broadcast or published. d) The independence of outside interests in order to disclose the truth. A source is credible or reliable when it has knowledge and experience in the subject under investigation. It note that not all sources are credible or reliable, some sources are more reliable than others, there are sources that are not credible and believable while others are permanent. Not everything reported by the witnesses is necessarily true, there are witnesses that say all they should say, since the interests they pursue, especially when telling the truth condition or request something for the whole truth (money, work , bag, etc.). There are cases where "the witnesses just tell reporters what they think based on their own interest, and can lie or embellish a story with a particular purpose without risking any legal punishment," says Karol Wojtyla, in Person and Action (BAC, Madrid, 1980). That is why the journalist must maintain good relations with news sources not to be receiver or sender of half-truths or false scoops, not to become mere merchant of news events. The journalist is a professional information criterion works independently from the pressures of the media inside and outside pressure groups of economic power and political or pressure groups. Independence from all kinds of pressure: pressure moral, social, religious, political, economic, family, labor, etc.

AND CREDIBILITY LEVELS The credibility of the journalist could be taken up and expressed at different levels or instances: - Credibility with your business or medium - Credibility with their sources (public, private, official, confidential, etc..) - Credibility with the authorities public or judicial - Credibility with its target audience; - Credibility society. LACK OF CREDIBILITY OF THE INFORMATION A newspaper report has no credibility with the public when: a. Is obtained through illegal means and unethical means. b. Not reported the event as it is, as has occurred in your environment or reality. c. Belongs the series "stolen documents." d. It is written with malice, bad faith or lack of respect for people. e. It was invented to serve the vested interests of groups or political or economic power of lobbyists. f. It has not been proven or verified its authenticity with the sources themselves. g. Is obtained from reliable sources, no credible or dubious sources. h. Lack of basic data and contains inaccuracies and exaggerations that give rise to suspicion and lack of credibility.

REASONS FOR THE LACK OF CREDIBILITY OF THE PUBLIC IN THE JOURNALISTS AND MEDIA The lack of public credibility of journalists and media communication is attributed among other things the following: a) The information factual errors, b) ungrammatical c) The bias in the comments; d) of plagiarism and fabrication scandals, e) Sensationalism f) cyberporn g) Conflicting interests; h) Submission to groups of economic, political and pressure groups. "Professor Charles Self (1988, 17), University of Texas A & M considered the reasons for the lack of public confidence in the news media and journalists working for them. Found four main reasons for this lack of credibility: 1. Insensitivity, arrogance and, Generally, misconduct on the part of journalists. 2. Inaccurate, incomplete information and, generally, professional procedures doubtful. 3. Disagreements about the kind of news employees and evaluation of the news. 4. Disagreements over the role of news in the lives of readers "(In:" The ethics of journalism / Philosophical Foundations of the new media "by John Calhoun Merrill. Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja. Translated from English by Porfirio Barroso Asenjo , Madrid, 2007, p.34). According to Restrepo, a university professor, one of the most remarkable examples of journalistic ethics in Latin America and director an ethical practice on the internet of the Foundation for New Latin American Journalism, there is a crisis of credibility in the Latin American press, because it is losing distance of the facts and the protagonists are and do the news: "to take the side of interest good or bad, the press is losing credibility call that security. Failed to observe the events from a distance. It is a press that is looking at history from the power, in many cases, from above. The media and journalists are losing their perspective, they need to look at the world from below ... If the journalist takes sides have distorted vision of those who see from one side and the journalist to see from all sides. " Restrepo said that in the United States that happened "so openly that has been accentuated after the attacks of September 11, 2001, as the conditioned media information to government interests, took advantage because they could not keep your distance" Together media, Internet is the least credible to the public, due to the existence of websites and blogs to disseminate confidential information without contrast and falsehoods which become involved. FACTORS FOR JOURNALISTS AND THE MEDIA HAVE CREDIBILITY credibility to journalists and the media should a number of factors: - objective, truthful, clear and precise. - Elimination of bias in the information, reviews, interviews and reports. - Ability to automatically correct errors or the request of the interested party. - Fairness of the information, commentary, criticism, interviews and reportage. - Commitment to service the interests of the community. - Editorials that focus on the real problems of society, and apply suggested solutions. - Give priority to issues of substance on the trivial and frivolous. - Total independence in their reporting, independence from the government, the branches of government, political parties and trade unions, the economic power groups and politicians and lobbyists. - Moral and professional authority of the owners of the media for questions and punish those who violate moral and legal standards in journalism. - No information regarded as a mere commodity. - Do not broadcast programs that contain gratuitous violence, sanction, promote or glamorice violence, gratuitous violence understand the material that does not have an integral role in the development of a theme or program. "PRAGMATIC ETHICS TEST" Francisco Vásquez Fernández, in his "Ethics and Information Ethics (Auditorium, Spain, 1991:182 and 183), explains that" communicator's credibility is called "pragmatic ethical test" because it involves sending messages with ethical responsibilities, by the issuer, and assigned to it by the receiver. At its plenary sense, refers to the ethical behavior of the sender, source credibility, "which is a" set of attitudes and beliefs that an audience feels about the source, based on three essential features: good intentions, reliability and competence or experience "(R. Ross). Credibility of the source is defined by attitudes of faith and trust in the good intentions of the issuer, in its social position in their professional authority and sincerity. " For Vasquez Fernández, credibility explanatory answers: a) The credibility as pragmatic ethical test "is the enhanced credibility in his message for the attributes and ethical conduct of the issuer, such attributes are encrypted ethical values \u200b\u200bof honesty, intellectual acumen and willingness b) The pragmatic ethical test of credibility is enhanced, in turn, with: the similarity perceived by the receiver of the source, with the use of voice and speech, with the use of humor and solid evidence. The common people feel that the media modulate information pro-business interests, forgetting social interests and manage to trade favors with the groups of political and economic submission to the will of the lobbyists instead of the audience's interest. So the media entities are no longer representing the interests of the Company or its target audience.